Felicia Elizondo, also known as Felicia Flames, is an American transgender activist who devoted much of her life to advocating for the LGBTQ+ community. Born in San Angelo, Texas, she experienced bullying, sexual abuse, and difficulties related to her gender identity from an early age. Her father, who worked as a sheepherder, died when she was three years old. By the age of five, she already knew she was different. At fourteen, she moved to San Jose, California, with a gay man and began spending time in San Francisco’s Tenderloin neighbourhood as a teenager. At eighteen, Elizondo joined the United States Navy and volunteered to serve in the Vietnam War, hoping that military life would either lead to her death or help her reconcile with her gender identity. As she later recalled, she thought, “If the military doesn’t make me a man, nothing will.” After six months in Vietnam, she disclosed that she was gay. She was subsequently interrogated by the FBI and dishonourably discharged in 1965, although she later successfully petitioned to have her discharge upgraded to an honourable one. During the 1960s, Elizondo became a regular at Gene Compton’s Cafeteria in San Francisco’s Tenderloin district. In August 1966, she was present during the Compton’s Cafeteria Riot, a landmark uprising by transgender people and other members of the LGBTQ+ community against police harassment, which took place three years before the Stonewall riots in New York City.
Her experiences became part of the historical record through Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton’s Cafeteria, a 2005 documentary co-directed and produced by Susan Stryker and Victor Silverman. In 1974, while working as a long-distance telephone operator, Elizondo transitioned to living as a woman. Throughout her life, she worked in a variety of occupations, including receptionist, clerk, nurse’s aide, and sex worker. She also performed as a drag queen at charity events and in gay clubs under the stage name Felicia Flames. Diagnosed with HIV in 1987, Elizondo became involved with several nonprofit organisations supporting people living with serious illnesses, including P.A.W.S., the Shanti Project, and the San Francisco AIDS Foundation. She contributed panels to the AIDS Memorial Quilt, creating approximately 80 panels in memory of people who had died of AIDS, and helped raise funds for organisations such as Project Open Hand and the San Francisco LGBT Community Center. As a Latina transgender woman, she also worked alongside other transgender women of colour to challenge racism within the LGBTQ+ community. Through her activism, charitable work, performances, and efforts to preserve transgender history, Elizondo has become an important figure in the struggle for LGBTQ+ equality and recognition.
